Medication-induced gingival enlargement, also known as “drug-induced gingival overgrowth” or gingival hyperplasia, is a condition in which a person’s gums become swollen, thickened, and enlarged due to certain medications.
This side effect is especially distressing for many patients and can impact their oral health and quality of life. For effective management and prevention, we must understand the causes and treatment options for medication-induced gingival enlargement.
Causes of Medication-Induced Gingival Enlargement
Several classes of medications have been associated with gingival enlargement, including anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, and immunosuppressants. These drugs can disrupt the normal balance of cell growth and tissue metabolism in the gums, leading to overgrowth. In susceptible individuals, poor oral hygiene and genetic factors can also contribute to gingival enlargement.
Treatment Approaches for Medication-Induced Gingival Enlargement
The management of medication-induced gingival enlargement typically involves a combination of preventive measures, professional dental care, and medication adjustments. When faced with medication-induced gingival enlargement, first and foremost, patients must commit to maintaining excellent oral hygiene practices to reduce plaque buildup and minimize inflammation. To aid with this, your dentist may perform periodontal procedures like scaling and root planing to remove plaque from beneath the gumline.
In cases where gingival enlargement is severe or causing functional or aesthetic concerns, surgical intervention may be necessary. Surgical options include gingivectomy which is the surgical removal of excess gum tissue, and gingivoplasty, which reshapes and contours the gums to improve appearance.
Overall, early detection, proper management, and close collaboration between patient and dentist are essential for effectively addressing medication-induced gingival enlargement and minimizing its impact on oral health and quality of life. By understanding the causes and treatment options for this condition, you can take proactive steps to maintain healthy gums and a beautiful smile!
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